Which theory explains laughter that occurs when the outcome is different from what is expected?

The correct response relates to the incongruity theory, which posits that laughter arises from a discrepancy between expected outcomes and the reality that unfolds, creating surprise or unexpectedness. This theory suggests that humor often emerges when there is a misalignment between what we anticipate and what actually occurs. For example, if a punchline takes an unexpected turn, it can induce laughter because our cognitive processing finds the incongruity amusing.

In this context, incongruity can be a source of delight, as it surprises the audience and invites a reevaluation of their expectations. This process is key to many comedic situations—where a setup leads the audience to think one way, but the resolution diverges into an unforeseen direction. Understanding this theory helps in recognizing how humor works, making it foundational in the study of laughter and comedy.